跟著小米麻糬去旅行(Showme's Travel): 【土耳其。伊斯坦堡。景點】地下水宮殿(Yerebatan Sarayı)有兩顆蛇髮女妖梅杜莎的頭顱

地下水宮殿（土耳其語：Yerebatan Sarayı（沉沒的宮殿）／Yerebatan Sarnıcı（沉沒的水箱））位於伊斯坦堡老城蘇丹哈美區，聖索菲亞大教堂的南邊。

說起這個地下水宮殿，小米麻糬第一次找它，找了好久才找到它，因為那入口很不起眼小小的，在一普通的房子，有誰會知道藏著有名的古蹟嘛......

這是地下水宮殿(Yerebatan Sarayı)出入口，是在一間房子裡，是不是很不起眼?

它是由拜占庭查士丁尼大帝，於西元527-565年統治時期所建，作為當時伊斯坦堡市民日常飲用水的來源之一。

水宮殿有336條石柱，每一列以12列排列，長140m、寬70m,高9m，共28行，以支撐著個儲水庫，儲水量高達10萬噸，是當年君士坦丁大帝動用了7000名奴隸，費時38年完成的大工程。

水裡面還看得到魚在游來游去呢。

裡面有著名的梅杜莎頭的石柱，一共有兩個，成為進入地下水宮殿，旅人們最愛尋找的點，也因此排隊要合照的人很多，小米麻糬可是等了好久才拍到沒有人的這兩顆梅杜莎的頭啊!

至於，為什麼希臘神話的梅杜莎的頭，出現在地下水宮殿?
這倒沒有說明其來源或特別記載其用意用途，一般學者認為梅杜莎頭像被倒ˊ著放在下面，只是因為柱子過短，放顆門杜莎的頭墊底，恰好可以支撐石柱站立而已。

梅杜莎是誰?
梅杜莎就是希臘神話裡，那個只要看到他一眼，就會變成石頭的蛇髮女妖妖，頭髮是蛇。

還有一個值得看得，是"淚柱"，外觀有著像淚滴漩渦的圖案，也可說是像孔雀的羽毛，一個個出現在石柱表面，與一般光滑的石柱相比，很不一樣，眾多在相同的柱子中很容易被看見，成為大家爭相與照相的柱子。

淚柱，並非真的會流下眼淚，而是造型的關係，還有因為地下水宮殿潮濕，柱子摸起來總是濕濕的，以為是柱子會流淚，留下神秘的話題。事實上水宮殿裡面的建築都是來自羅馬帝國時期的舊建築，材質很樣化，有大理石、花岡岩，大多是完整的柱身，少部份是由兩塊拼接而成，其中有這柱有花紋的"淚柱"出現，也不為奇。

【旅行團】小米麻糬帶路~2016/4/16浪漫愛琴海‧地中海古文明藍色土耳其‧繽紛鬱金香11日(報名開始)

官網 http://yerebatan.com/
Video影片觀賞
開放時間:每日9:00~17:30(冬日)
9:00~18:30(夏日)

門票: 20TL

官網出處英文版

In the Depths of History

One of the magnificent ancient buildings of İstanbul is the Basilica Cistern located in the southwest of Hagia Sofia. Constructed for Justinianus I, the Byzantium Emperor (527-565), this big underground water reservoir is called as “Yerebatan Cistern” among the public because of the underground marble columns. As there used to be a basilica in the place of the cistern, it is also called Basilica Cistern.

The cistern is 140 m long, and 70 m wide, and covers a rectangular area as a giant structure. Accessible with 52-step staircase, the Cistern shelters 336 columns, each of which is 9 m high. Erected at 4.80 m intervals from one another the columns are composed of 12 rows, each has 28 columns. The case-bay of the cistern is conveyed by the columns through arches. Majority of the columns, most of which is understood to have been compiled from the ancient structures and sculpted of various kinds of marbles, is composed of a single part and one of it is composed of two parts. The head of these columns bear different features in parts. 98 of them reflect the Corinthian style and part of them reflect the Dorian style. The cistern has 4.80 m high brick walls, and the floor is covered by bricks, and plastered by a thick layer of brick dust mortar for water tightness. Covering 9,800 sqm area in total, the cistern has an estimated water storage capacity of 100,000 tons.

Medusa Heads梅杜莎的頭

Except couple of the edged and grooved columns of the cistern, majority of them are shaped as a cylinder. Two Medusa heads, which are used as supports under the two columns at the northwest edge of the cistern, are the great work of art from the Roman period. What attracts most attention from the visitors is that the structure from which the Medusa heads have been taken is unknown. The researchers often consider that it has been brought for being used as supports to the column at the time of construction of the cistern. However, this has not prevented myths for the heads of Medusa.

As the legend has it, Medusa is one of the three Gorgonas that are female monsters in the underground world in Greek mythology. The snake-head Medusa, one of the three sisters, has the power of gorgonising the ones that happen to look at her. Accordingly, Gorgone paintings and sculptures were being used for protecting big structures and special venues in that time. And putting the head of medusa in the cistern was for protecting purposes. According to another rumour, Medusa was a girl who boasted for her black eyes, long hair and beautiful body. She loved Perseus, the son of Zeus. Athena was also in love with Perseus and this made Medusa jealous. Therefore, Athena converted medusa's hairs into snakes. Now, everybody that happened to look at Medusa was gorgonised. Afterwards, Perseus headed off medusa and beat many enemies by using her power.

Therefore, the head of Medusa was engraved on the handles of the swords in Byzantium, and applied onto supports of the communes in reverse (so that the onlookers would not be gorgonised). According to another rumour, Medusa gorgonised herself by looking sideways. For this reason, the sculptor that made it generated Medusa in three different positions depending on the reflection angles of the light. The Basilica Cistern has been renovated repeatedly until today. It was repaired by the Architect Kayserili Mehmet Ağa during the reign of Ahmad III (M.1723) in the Ottoman Empire, followed by Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) in the 19^th century. There are 8 columns in front of the northeast wall towards the middle of the cistern, and they were exposed to the risk of breaking during the construction works in 1955-1960, thus each of them were surrounded by a thick layer of cement, so they lost their previous feature though.

During the rule of Byzantium, the Basilica Cistern used to meet the water needs and requirements of the great palace that covered a wide area where the emperor resided, as well as the other denizens in the region. After conquest of the city of Istanbul in 1453, it was used for a little while and water was supplied to Topkapı Palace where the sultans resided.. However, the Ottomans preferred running water over still water, and established their own water facilities in the city. It is understood that the cistern was not used thereafter and the western world did not notice it until the mid XVI century. It was in 1544-1550 when P. Gyllius, a Dutch traveller that came to Istanbul for making researches on Byzantium ruins was rediscovered and introduced to the western world. In one of his researches, P. Gyllius, while roaming around Hagia Sofia, managed to enter inside the cistern with a torch carrying in his hand by proceeding from the stone steps that went towards the underground from the backyard of a wooden building surrounded by walls situated on a large underground cistern as he was told that the householders there pulled water with buckets down inside the large round holes similar to well on the ground floor of their houses, and even fished there. P. Gyllius ranged around the cistern on a rowing boat under harsh conditions, measured it and identified the columns. The information acquired from his experience was published in the travel book, and Gyllius had influence on many travelers.

The cistern was subject to repeated renovations since its establishment. Renovated twice during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, the cistern was repaired during the rule of Ahmed III (1723) by the Architect Kayserili Mehmet Ağa for the first time. And the second repair was made during the rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). In republican period, the cistern was cleaned by Istanbul Municipality in 1987, and was opened to visits for creating a route. Another extensive cleaning was made in May 1994.

This mysterious venue is an integral part of the Istanbul itineraries and has been visited -among others- by the US former President Bill Clinton, Wim Kok the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Lamberto Dini, Former Minister of foreign Affairs of Italy, Göran Persson, Former Prime Minister of Sweden and Thomas Klestil, Former prime Minister of Austria until today.

Currently operated by Kültür A.Ş. (Culture Co.), one of the affiliates of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, the Basilica Cistern functions as a museum and is the home for many national and international events

【土耳其旅遊延伸閱讀】

1.【土耳其。伊斯坦堡。景點】地下水宮殿(Yerebatan Sarayı)有兩顆蛇蠍女梅杜莎的頭盧